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POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS of:-
Nanowires
Electronic Devices
Medical Devices
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Nanotechnology Patents With Demonstrated Commercial Value:An Analysis of the Characteristicsof Licensed Nanotechnology Patents From Publicly Announced Commercialization Deals. Download Pdf free full
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An Analysis of the Characteristics of Licensed Nanotechnology
Patents From Publicly Announced Commercialization Deals
Nanotechnology Law & Business Journal Article 8 Free download.
When David Met Goliath—the Art of
Corporate Partnering for Nanotechnology Startups
ABSTRACT
Using real world examples, Mike Moradi outlines and explains the steps that Nanotechnology Startups can use to achieve rapid growth and viability. Of particular interest is the nanotechnology entrepreneur with very limited resources, a great idea and a will to succeed. While there are significant risks inherent with corporate partnering, there are also substantial gains that can be realized if the right strategies are taken. By approaching the prospect of corporate partnerships with the following six steps in mind, the nanotechnology entrepreneur may initiate a corporate partnership in the interests of both the startup and the large multinational corporation: ( 1) make a list of ideal partners; (2) identify and contact technical and business champions within the target organization; (3) demonstrate value to the project; (4) visit key members of the target corporation in person; (5) brazen the partnership through by striking a balance between good lawyering and excessive lawyering; and (6) manage the partnership productively.
Conclusion
Technology commercialization is not easy. If it were, everyone would be doing it. However, where there is risk and uncertainty, where there is hard work and serendipity, entrepreneurs will find a way to create lasting institutions.
Nanotechnology, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics ; A technical, political and institutional map of emerging technologies.
The aim of this report is to provide basic, background information of global scope on three emerging technologies: nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. According to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), it is important to consider these emerging technologies now because their emergence on the market is anticipated to ‘affect almost every aspect of our lives’ during the coming decades (DTI, 2002). Thus, a first major feature of these three disciplines is product diversity. In addition, it is possible to characterise them as disruptive, enabling and interdisciplinary.
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Nanotech is often defined as the manipulation and control of matter at the nanometer scale (critical dimensions of 1 to 100nm). It is a bit unusual to describe a technology by a length scale. We certainly didn't get very excited by "inch-o technology." As venture capitalists, we start to get interested when there are unique properties of matter that emerge at the nanoscale and that cannot be exploited at the macroscale world of today's engineered products. We like to ask the start-ups that we are investing in, "Why now? Why couldn't you have started this business ten years ago?" The responses of our nanotech start-ups have a common thread: Recent developments in the capacity to understand and engineer nanoscale materials have enabled new products that could not have been developed at larger scale.Various unique properties of matter are expressed at the nanoscale and are quite foreign to our "bulk statistical" senses (we do not see single photons or quanta of electric charge; we feel bulk phenomena, like friction, at the statistical or emergent macroscale). At the nanoscale, the bulk approximations of Newtonian physics are revealed for their inaccuracy and give way to quantum physics. Nanotechnology is more than a linear improvement with scale; everything changes. Quantum entanglement, tunneling, ballistic transport, frictionless rotation of superfluids, and several other phenomena have been regarded as "spooky" by many of the smartest scientists, even Einstein, upon first exposure.
For a simple example of nanotech's discontinuous divergence from the "bulk" sciences, consider the simple aluminum soda can. If you take the inert aluminum metal in that can and grind it down into a powder of 2030nm particles, it will spontaneously explode in air. It becomes a rocket fuel catalyst. In other words, the energetic properties of matter change at that scale. The surface-area-to-volume ratios become relevant, and even the distances between the atoms in a metal lattice change from surface effects.
In April 2000, the Japanese government established the National Strategy for Industrial Technology in order to identify challenges and solutions for Japanese industrial technology in the twenty-first century. The Second Science and Technology Basic Plan, a five year plan that started in 2001, is a part of this national strategy. According to this plan, a total of approximately $200 billion will be invested in governmental research and development. One of the most significant policies of concern is the prioritization of research and development based on pressing national and social issues in areas such as life science, IT, environment, and nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Nanotechnology is expected to be a key technology underlying a wide range of industrial fields such as IT, energy, biotechnology, and medicine.
Nanotechnology made breakthrough in US
Nanotechnology entered the more public arena in 2001 when President Clinton brought worldwide attention to nanotechnology through his budget approval for the US National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). The initial budget allocated for nanotechnology in 2001 was $422 million, which demonstrated the anticipated relevance of nanotechnology to the USA economic growth as well as nanotechnology’s strategic importance to national security. Three years later, in December 2003, President Bush signed the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act, which allocated a budget of $849 million to the NNI, doubling the initial budget from 2001. After the clear message of commitment of the United States to nanotechnology since 2001, governments around the world reassessed their current national nanotechnology policies or finally began to develop their own focused long-term position in nanotechnology. Since then national government investments into nanotechnology have increased to over $3 billion worldwide in 2003. A number of state governments have started to implement their nanotechnol- ogy support in addition to the already existing, substantial national government funding, bringing the public funding for nanotechnology up to an estimated total of $4 billion. Investment by industry alone is estimated to have added another $1 billion in 2003 (APNF).
Applications
Nanotechnology will have a more profound and immediate impact on industry dealing with materials such as aerospace, automobiles, coatings, construc- tion, cosmetics, ceramics, composites, agriculture, detergents, die moulding, drug delivery, fertilizers, food, fuel production, lubricants, medical supplies, metals, optical equipment, paint, paper, pharmaceuticals, polymers, power generation, sensors, tools and textiles, to name but only a few industries that come to mind immediately.
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What Does Nanotechnology Mean to Venture Capitalists?
Venturecapitaliststodayaremorecautiousthaneverbefore,notonlybecauseofthe internet bubble, but also because nanotechnology is still in its infancy. Healthy scepticism is a trademark of the profession, one that is valued more these days than in the boom times. Most in the venture capital community are still focused on digesting theirearlierinvestmentsfrompreviousyears.Bydefinition,theamount of new investment per year is only a small fraction of the total amount of funds under management. Very few new funds are being formed that focus on nanotechnology.
The top-tier venture capital firms are always alert to the possibility of new breakthrough technologies and will fund a very small number of start-ups. Startups need to rely on the few smaller, specialist firms that have the resources to support a nanotechnology company. Significantly, the history of investments in advanced materials has not been encouraging. Licensing as a primary business model is, in general, not appealing because companies that only license out their technology will generate very attractive profits but not large revenue streams. Such enterprises don’t grow to become big companies which would be valued highly by the public stock markets, so an initial public offering of stock is unlikely to be the exit strategy of choice. More often, the technology and the company are acquired by a major corporation that may be a strategic partner initially, or even a competitor. The path to tangiblevalue creation is long and arduous. This situation with nanotechnology start-ups actually poses a bit of a quandary for venture capitalists. They can clearly perceive the substantial market opportunities, but they cannot clearly see the path to commercial success. The increasing multitude offactors faced by entrepreneurs are shared by aventurecapitalist who is willingtoinvest.Venture capitalistsaremostcomfortablewhentheyunderstandthe business model, one that is based on previous successful experience, butwhich also includes new features to deal with the current risks. Today, venture capitalists tend to be specialists in certain areas of technology: software, semiconductors, wireless technologies, biotechnology, medical devices, etc. Venture capitalists rely on realworld experience as the most valuable asset of a management team, so they must apply that same rule to their partners, if not themselves.
Who are the experts in nanotechnology? Partners with a strong background in the chemicals or materials industries are relatively rare in the venture capital world.The situation is reminiscent of the early days of biotechnology. In the days of Amgen and Genentech, there were only biologists, biochemists and pharmacists, as well as chemists and chemical engineers. What was a biotechnologist? Today the term is broad enough to include all the earlier specialists, plus people who look at the business from a different, unique point of views. Before venture capitalists will invest large amounts of money in nanotechnology start-ups, they will have to develop not only technical expertise, but more importantly, a new and different point of view about their investment strategy. At this point in the development cycle of the technology, the smart investors are looking at powerful technology platforms with broad patent coverage of multiple market opportunities. Some nanotechnology start-ups have more than one hundred patent applications, with some already issued. Again likethe biotech industry, establishing strong intellectual property positions is going to be extremely important for startups, for defensive as well as aggressive strategies.
Nanotechnology Law & Business
Nanotechnology and the Best Mode
MATTHEW J. DOWD , NANCY J. LEITH and JEFFREY S. WEAVER
ABSTRACT The number of nanotechnology-related patent applications being filed with the Patent & Trademark Office (“PTO”) has steadily increased over the last few years—a trend that is certain to continue. One factor driving this trend is the need for nanotechnology start up companies to present a vibrant patent portfolio in order to attract much needed investment dollars. Associated with this increased patent activity, patent practitioners are faced with the challenge of certifying that such inventions comply with the traditional patentability standards. In this article, Matthew J. Dowd, Nancy J. Leith and Jeffrey S. Weaver address the particular challenge of ensuring a nanotechnology invention’s compliance with the “best mode” requirement of Section 112 of the Patent Statute. Following a detailed discussion of the best mode requirement in light of Federal Circuit precedent, Dowd, Leith and Weaver outline several helpful suggestions that may benefit the patent practitioner in prosecuting nanotechnology applications with an eye toward avoiding allegations of best mode violations should the patent be later litigated. Important considerations are included regarding the best mode requirement and due diligence investigations, and the pros and cons of trade secret protection for nanotechnology inventions are briefly discussed.
http://pubs.nanolabweb.com/nlb
A JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE STUDY ON NANO TECHNOLOGY
Abstract
Enhanced abilities to understand and manipulate matter at the molecular and atomic levels promise a wave of significant new technologies over the next five decades. Dramatic breakthroughs will occur in diverse areas such as medicine, communications, computing, energy, and robotics. These changes will generate large amounts of wealth and force wrenching changes in existing markets and institutions. This paper discusses the range of sciences currently covered by nanotechnology. It begins with a description of what nanotechnology is and how it relates to previous scientific advances. It then describes the most likely future development of different technologies in a variety of fields. The paper also reviews the government’s current nanotechnology policy and makes some suggestions for improvement.
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